The Tinguian_Social, Religious, and Economic Life of a Philippine Tribe

From website, Free ebook Project called Gutenberg.org
File address: <  http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12849/12849-h/12849-h.htm#d0e11944 >

Author of original work: Fay Cooper, Asst Curator of Malayan Ethnology 1922

Beware of archaic methods of anthropology.

Contains short entry on bark cloth technology and practice.  Other information may be useful for further correlations.

Includes text, illustrations and plates.


Contents:

• List of Illustrations 231
• Introduction 235
• I. Geographical Relations and History 238
• II. Physical Type and Relationships 247
• III. The Cycle of Life 261
  • Birth 261
  • Childhood 272
  • Engagement and Marriage 278
  • Death and Burial 283
  • The Layog 290
• IV. Religion and Magic 295
• V. The Ceremonies 315
  • 1. The Minor Ceremonies 315
  • 2. The Great Ceremonies 327
  • 3. Special Ceremonies 355
• VI. Social Organization. Government. The Village 359
• VII. Warfare, Hunting, and Fishing 371
• VIII. Economic Life 387
  • Rice Culture 387
  • Cultivated Plants and Trees 403
  • Wild Plants and Trees 408
  • Plants and Trees Used in the Treatment of Disease 409
  • Use of Betel-Nut, Tobacco, and Stimulants 410
  • Domestic Animals 411
• IX. Products of Industry 413
  • Iron-Working 413
  • Spinning and Weaving 416
  • Manufacture of Rope and String 420
  • Bark Cloth 422
  • Basket Making 423
  • Mats 426
  • Dyes 426
  • Net Making 427
  • Manufacture of Pottery 427
  • Pipe Making 428
  • Method of Drying Hides 429
• X. Decorative Art 431
• XI. Personal Adornment, Dances, and Musical Instruments 437
• XII. Music, By Albert Gale 443
• Conclusions 486
• Index 491

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Bark Cloth entry is short.  Quoted:

"Bark Cloth.—Bark cloth is still in common use for men's headbands and for clouts. It is secured from the same trees as the rope material, but wider strips are taken, and it is customary to beat the bark thoroughly before it is removed from the wood. It is then split to the desired thickness, after which it is beaten with wooden or bone mallets (gīkai), which are generally grooved transversely (Fig. 18). The cloth produced is soft and pliable, but is not of the fineness of tapa, and it is always in comparatively narrow pieces. In no instance Page 421was the operator seen to beat two strips together to gain greater breadth or to repair breaks."

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Second Entry, Bark Head-bands, under section titled Basket Weaves, p425

"Bark head-bands are stained a purplish-red by applying a liquid Page 425secured through boiling kᴇlyan(Diospyros cunalon D.C.?) bark. For ceremonial purposes they are also colored yellow by applying the juice of the konig (Curcuma longa), but as this has a disagreeable odor, and the color is not permanent, it is not much used in every-day garments. Lemon juice is also applied to bark to give it a yellow hue."

List of Illustrations

Text-Figures

• 1. Child's Cradle and Jumper
• 2. Diagram of a Game
• 3. Cross Sections Showing Types of Graves
• 4. Ceremonial Paraphernalia
• 5. Household Objects
• 6. Spoons and Ladles
• 7. Types of Knives
• 8. Head-axes
• 9. Spears
• 10. Shields
• 11. Chicken Snare
• 12. Bird Snares
• 13. Fishing Devices
• 14. Grass Knife; Root Adze; Rice Cutter
• 15. Agricultural Implements
• 16. Devices Used in Spinning and Weaving
• 17. Rope-Making Appliances
• 18. Bark Beater
• 19. Basket Weaves
• 20. Net Needle and Mesh Stick
• 21. Tobacco-Pipes
• 22. Designs on Pipes and Pottery
• 23. Decorative Designs
• 24. Patterns Used in Weaving
• 25. Blanket Designs
• 26. Musical Instruments

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